In recent decades, internet gambling has seen strong growth and diffusion due to intrinsic characteristics that make it particularly attractive to players (accessibility, anonymity, variety of games). This paper aims to present the current state of knowledge of the risk and protective factors of em linha gambling. A literature search conducted in the PubMed, PsychInfo, and Scopus databases found 42 articles, which were included in the review. Methodological aspects and risk and protective factors were analysed cross-sectionally. The results concerning risk and protective factors were distinguished by the level of analysis: individual, relational, and contextual. Two types of comparisons were considered: on-line vs.
A few articles have reported opposite results. Regarding gambler’s sex, Gainsbury et al. (2014c) reported that chasing losses, a behaviour associated with pathological gambling, is more frequent among women than men. An interesting result emerges from the comparative study by Edgren et al. (2017) in which female em linha gamblers were found to be at higher risk than men, both of higher expenditures on gambling and of being more problematic gamblers.
offline gamblers and em linha nonproblematic vs. problematic gamblers. The results of the two comparisons were juxtaposed to analyse their consistency and the different associations with factors. In general, the review showed that risk factors and variables at the individual level are investigated to a greater extent, while protective factors at the relational and contextual level need more in-depth study in future research. More specifically, this review found that even if online and offline gamblers shared most risk and protective factors, there are variables that they would not have in common. These factors could be important to consider in preventive interventions aimed at em linha gamblers and on-line problematic gamblers.
Scarce attention is given to relational factors and contextual factors. A few papers suggest that having rare and negative relationships is more likely associated with em linha gambling.
The slot machines in land-based casinos are famous for their lighting and sound, which always calls the attention of gamers. They have this pull-and-release lever that is attached to their side. They are also quite colorful and entertaining. They come with game sounds and symbols displayed on the slot machine screen, which varies depending on the theme of the games.
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This regulatory body consists of two distinct entities, and the Norwegian Gaming Authority acts as the primário regulator to provide well-governed gambling operations in Norway. The NGA supervises all private and state-operated lotteries and monopolized gambling, including horse racing operations.
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An equal number of articles state that both being in a stable/married relationship and being single/unmarried are associated with ON. In contrast, being single/unmarried is a risk factor bdg win for ON-P. Being married/being in a stable relationship decreases the likelihood of being ON and ON-P
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To synthesize and systematize the results regarding risk and protective factors, two types of comparisons were made: comparison of factors that distinguish offline gamblers from online gamblers (C1) and comparison of nonproblematic online gamblers from problematic em linha gamblers (C2). In addition, a further comparison was carried out to highlight whether similarities or differences emerged with respect to the factors studied between the first and second comparisons (C3). The results are systematized and presented in tables at the end of the paper, see Appendix A.
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